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ProstaglandinE3 is an eicosanoid derived from eicosapentaenoic acid. ProstaglandinE3 inhibits polarization towards M1 but promotes polarization of M2a macrophages. ProstaglandinE3 shows anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity .
ProstaglandinE2-biotin is a prostaglandin analog. ProstaglandinE2-biotin can be used for research of Nurr1-related disease, such as cancer and autoimmune disease .
ProstaglandinE2-1-glyceryl ester, a Prostaglandin Glycerol Ester, is an endocannabinoid ligand for the CB1 receptor. ProstaglandinE2-1-glyceryl ester induces rapid, transient elevation of intracellular free Ca 2+ .
ProstaglandinE1-d4 is the deuterium labeled ProstaglandinE1. ProstaglandinE1 (Alprostadil) is a prostanoid receptor ligand, with Kis of 1.1 nM, 2.1 nM, 10 nM, 33 nM and 36 nM for mouse EP3, EP4, EP2, IP and EP1, respectively. ProstaglandinE1 induces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation. ProstaglandinE1 can be used as a vasodilator for the research of peripheral vascular diseases[1][2][3].
ProstaglandinE1 ethanolamide is an analog of prostaglandinE1 (PGE1) and may effectively inhibit GLI2-induced expression of target genes, including Gli1 and Ptch1, and tumor growth .
ProstaglandinE1 (Alprostadil) is a prostanoid receptor ligand, with Kis of 1.1 nM, 2.1 nM, 10 nM, 33 nM and 36 nM for mouse EP3, EP4, EP2, IP and EP1, respectively. ProstaglandinE1 induces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation. ProstaglandinE1 can be used as a vasodilator for the research of peripheral vascular diseases .
ProstaglandinE1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of ProstaglandinE1. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. ProstaglandinE1 (Alprostadil) is a prostanoid receptor ligand, with Kis of 1.1 nM, 2.1 nM, 10 nM, 33 nM and 36 nM for mouse EP3, EP4, EP2, IP and EP1, respectively. ProstaglandinE1 induces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation. ProstaglandinE1 can be used as a vasodilator for the research of peripheral vascular diseases .
ProstaglandinE2 serinol amide is a weak inhibitor of the hydrolysis of [3H]2-oleoylglycerol. ProstaglandinE2 serinol amide is non-hydrolyzable to produce PGE2 and thus cannot inhibit leukotriene B4 biosynthesis, superoxide production, migration and antimicrobial peptide release .
ProstaglandinE2 methyl ester (PGE2 methyl ester) is an lipophilic derivative analog of PGE2 (HY-101952). ProstaglandinE2 methyl ester has more central penetration ability than PGE2 .
ProstaglandinE2 (GMP) is ProstaglandinE2 (HY-101952) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. ProstaglandinE2, an inflammatory mediator, is a endogenous hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions .
ProstaglandinE2 (Standard) is the analytical standard of ProstaglandinE2. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. ProstaglandinE2 (PGE2) is a hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation.
ProstaglandinE1-d9 is deuterium labeled ProstaglandinE1.ProstaglandinE1 is a prostanoid receptor ligand, with Kis of 1.1 nM, 2.1 nM, 10 nM, 33 nM and 36 nM for mouse EP3, EP4, EP2, IP and EP1, respectively. ProstaglandinE1 induces vasodilation and inh
ProstaglandinE2 Ethanolamide (PGE2-EA), an analog of PGE2, can be formed enzymatically following COX-2 oxygenation of endocannabinoids. ProstaglandinE2 Ethanolamide (PGE2-EA) could modulate the production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in human blood and human monocytic cells .
ProstaglandinE2-d4 is the deuterium labeled ProstaglandinE2. ProstaglandinE2 (PGE2) is a hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation[1][2].
ProstaglandinE2-d9 is the deuterium labeled ProstaglandinE2. ProstaglandinE2 (PGE2) is a hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation[1][2].
ProstaglandinE2 (PGE2) is a hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation.
11-Deoxy ProstaglandinE2 is a selective agonist of EP4 with an EC50 of 0.66 nM. 11-Deoxy ProstaglandinE2 is an analog of prostaglandinE2. 11-Deoxy ProstaglandinE2 can be used in study bone healing, heart failure, and other receptor associated conditions .
17-trans ProstaglandinE3 is a prostaglandin analog, and stimulates Nurr1-dependent transcriptional activity. 17-trans ProstaglandinE3 can be used for research of condition associated with Nurr1,such as cancer and autoimmune disease .
15-keto-ProstaglandinE2 is an endogenous metabolite. 15-keto-ProstaglandinE2 inhibits STAT3 activation by binding to its Cys259 residue. 15-keto-ProstaglandinE2 can bind and stabilize EP2 and EP4 receptor. 15-keto-ProstaglandinE2 inhibits breast cancer cell growth and progression. 15-keto-ProstaglandinE2 activates PPAR-γ and promotes fungal growth .
11-Deoxy prostaglandinE1 (AY-23578; Doproston B) is an analog of prostaglandinE1 (PGE1) with bronchodilator activity. 11-Deoxy prostaglandinE1 inhibits histamine-induced bronchoconstriction and causes relaxation of tracheal strips in isolated guinea pigs .
(17E)-Prostaglandin F3α (17-trans-PGF3α) is a double bond isomer of Prostaglandin F3α (HY-129764) and a potential metabolite of trans dietary fatty acids. (17E)-Prostaglandin F3α has anti-inflammatory activity .
ent-ProstaglandinE2 (ent-PGE2) is an enantiomer of PGE2 (HY-101952). unlike PGE2, ent-PGE2 is a poor substrate for 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase .
13,14-Dihydro-15(R,S)-hydroxy-16,16-difluoro ProstaglandinE1-d4 is the deuterium labeled 13,14-Dihydro-15(R,S)-hydroxy-16,16-difluoro ProstaglandinE1[1].
16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandinE2 (16,16-dimethyl PGE2) is an orally active vertebrate Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) homeostasis critical regulator. 16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandinE2 can act through EP2/EP4 and has an interaction with the Wnt pathway .
19(R)-Hydroxy prostaglandinE1 (19(R)-Hydroxy PGE1), the major prostaglandin in primate semen, is an agonist of EP1 and EP3 receptor subtypes and exhibits contractile activity on smooth muscle preparations .
Bicyclo-PGE1 (Bicyclo ProstaglandinE1) is a stable, base-catalyzed transformation product of the PGE1 metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE1. Bicyclo-PGE1 can be used to estimate the biosynthesis and metabolism of PGE1 in vivo .
Vipoglanstat (BI 1029539), a carboxamide, is a potent and selective, non-peptide and orally active small molecular inhibitor of human prostaglandinE synthase 1 (mPGES-1). Vipoglanstat also has anti-inflammatory activity .
15-epi-PGE1 (15R-ProstaglandinE1; 15-Epiprostaglandin E1) is a stereoisomer of PGE1 (HY-B0131) but with less biological activity . 15-epi-PGE1 is a non-competitive inhibitor for human placental 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) with an IC50 of 170 μM .
11β-ProstaglandinE2 (11β-Dinoprostone), a Prostanoid derivative, inhibits [ 3H]PGE2 binding to hypothalamic membranes in the rat with a Ki of 53.3 nM .
5-trans-PGE2 (5-trans ProstaglandinE2) is the active isomer of PGE2 and a potent activator of aromatase. Supplements the process of paracrine signaling between epithelial cells (expressing high levels of PGE2) and surrounding stromal cells (expressing high levels of aromatase). This process is involved in the growth and development of breast cancer .
13,14-dihydro-15(R)-ProstaglandinE1 (13,14-dihydro-15(R)- PGE1) is an analog of 13,14-dihydro- PGE1 which has the hydroxyl group at C-15 in the unnatural R configuration .
Shanciol B, isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the air-dried whole plant of Pholidota imbricate Hook, inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity . Shanciol B is a microsomal prostaglandinE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity .
Prostaglandin A3 is a non-enzymatic dehydration product of prostaglandinE3 (PGE3). Prostaglandin A3 showed good affinity for canine EP2 and EP4 receptors with IC50 values of 120 and 20 nM, respectively. The Ki value of Prostaglandin A3 for human PPARγ was 188 μM .
Thielavin B is an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis produced by Thielavia terricola. Thielavin B effectively influences the prostaglandinE2 synthesis from the endoperoxide. Thielavin B is significantly effective on carrageenan-induced oedema of rats when administered intravenously .
2-(E-2-decenoylamino)ethyl 2-(cyclohexylethyl) sulfide is a compound that inhibits stress-induced ulcer and low toxicity, and can maintain the content of phospholipase A2 and prostaglandinE2 in ulcerated rats induced by water immersed restrained stress.
(15S)-15-Methylprostaglandin E2 ((15R)-15-Methyl-PGE) is a prostaglandinE2 analog with the potential to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding and protect gastrointestinal cells .
APHS is a specific and covalent COX-2 inhibitor with neuroprotective effects. COX-2 is a prostaglandin (PG) synthetase overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and has pleiotropic cancer-promoting effects. APHS modifies COX-2 by acetylating the active site (serine 516), thereby inhibiting prostaglandin production. The neuroprotective activity of APHS is inhibited by prostaglandinE2. APHS also co-inhibits the WNT pathway, an anti-tumor mechanism in addition to COX-2 inhibition .
Rivenprost (ONO-4819; ONO-AE1-734) is a selective agonist for prostaglandinE receptor EP4 with Ki of 0.7 nM. Rivenprost exhibits hepatoprotective and bone anabolic effects .
p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandinE2 generation, respectively.
(-)-Curine is an orally active bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Chondrodendron platyphyllum. (-)-Curine presents anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects at nontoxic doses, at least in part, resulting from the inhibition of prostaglandinE2 production .
13,14-Dihydro PGE1 is a metabolite of PGE1 (ProstaglandinE1) which inhibits the ADP-induced platelet aggregation (ID50 = 10.8 ng/mL platelet rich plasma) .
Zaloglanstat (ISC-27864) is the inhibitor of the microsomal prostaglandinE synthase-1 (mPGES-1), and can be used to study asthma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute or chronic pain and neurodegenerative diseases, etc .
Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid is an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is mainly metabolized to an anti-inflammatory eicosanoid, prostaglandin (PG) E1, via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects .
Linderaspirone A is a natural compound that can be isolated from the roots of Lindera aggregate. Linderaspirone A shows significant inhibitory effects on the production of prostaglandinE2 (PGE2),TNF-α, and IL-6 .
PF-4693627 is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable microsomalprostaglandinE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitor (IC50=3 nM) for the treatment of inflammation caused by osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) .
5-trans U-44069 is the trans isomer of the thromboxane receptor agonist U-44069 (HY-121825). 5-trans U-44069 inhibits prostaglandinE2 synthase activity .
Enprostil (RS 84135) is a prostaglandinE2 derivative. Enprostil can inhibit amogastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion, as well as reducing the secretion of pepsin. Enprostil can also serve as an antiulcer agent, used for research of duodenal or gastric ulcers .
Epibetulinic acid exhibits potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) production in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin with IC50s of 0.7 and 0.6 μM, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity .
ER-819762 is an orally active, highly selective prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) EP4 receptor antagonist with an EC50 of 70 nM against human EP4 receptor. ER-819762 can be used for rheumatoid arthritis research .
Ricinoleic acid (purity≥99%), a hydroxy fatty acid, is an attractive feedstock for the production of high-performance lubricants, cosmetics, polymers, surfactants, and coatings. Ricinoleic acid has analgesic properties, pro- or anti-inflammatory effects, and antagonistic activity against the prostaglandinE3 receptor .
PGE-M is a metabolite of prostaglandinE2 (PEG2) as a biomarker of inflammation and cancer including advanced colorectal neoplasia, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and so on. Urinary PGE-M is positively associated with obesity, smoking and lung metastases with breast cancer .
Crisdesalazine (AAD-2004) is an anti-inflammatory agent that simultaneously blocks inflammation mediated by free radicals and prostaglandinE2 (PGE2). Crisdesalazine (AAD-2004) can be used to study neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases .
Sulprostone (SHB 286) is a potent and selective EP3 receptor agonist. Sulprostone (SHB 286) is a prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) analogue and has antiulcer and nonsteroidal abortifacient effects. Sulprostone has potential for the research of pregnancy termination and hemorrhages during delivery .
PF-9184 is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of human microsomal prostaglandinE synthase-1 (mPGES-1), with an IC50 of 16.5 nM. PF-9184 inhibits IL-1β-induced PGE2 synthesis in vitro .
SC 51089 is a selective antagonist of prostaglandinE2 EP1 receptor, with Kis of 1.3, 11.2, 17.5, and 61.1 μM for EP1, TP, EP3, and FP receptors, respectively. SC 51089 exhibits neuroprotective activity .
KMN-80, a derivative of PGE1 (HY-B0131), is a selective and potent agonist of EP4 receptor with an IC50 and a Ki of 3 nM and 2.35 nM, respectively. KMN-80 is against EP3 receptor with an IC50 of 1.4 μM and >10 μM for all other prostanoid receptors . KMN-80 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
UT-11 is a potent and brain-permeable microsomal prostaglandinE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.10 μM and 2.00 μM for inhibiting PGE2 production in human (SK-N-AS) and murine (BV2) cells, respectively .
Ethyl Caffeate is a natural phenolic compound isolated from Bidens pilosa. Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF-κB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) in vitro or in mouse skin .
Dehydroevodiamine is a major bioactive quinazoline alkaloid isolated from Evodiae Fructus, has an antiarrhythmic effect in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes . Dehydroevodiamine inhibits LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression in murine macrophage cells .
SC 51089 free base is a selective antagonist of prostaglandinE2 EP1 receptor, with Kis of 1.3, 11.2, 17.5, and 61.1 μM for EP1, TP, EP3, and FP receptors, respectively. SC 51089 free base exhibits neuroprotective activity .
CJ-42794 (CJ-042794) is a potent, orally active, selective prostaglandinE receptor 4 (EP4) antagonist with an IC50 value of 10 nM, which is 200-fold more selective than EP1, EP2 and EP3. CJ-42794 can be used in research of gastric ulcers .
BAY-1316957 is a potent, selective and orally active prostaglandinE2 receptor subtype 4 (EP4-R) antagonist with an IC50 of 15.3 nM for human EP4-R. BAY-1316957 has excellent agent metabolism and pharmacokinetics properties, and can be used for endometriosis research .
Butaprost is a selective prostaglandinE receptor (EP2) agonist with an EC50 of 33 nM and a Ki of 2.4 μM for murine EP2 receptor. Butaprost is less activity against murine EP1, EP3 and EP4 receptors. Butaprost attenuates fibrosis by hampering TGF-β/Smad2 signalling .
Nocloprost, a prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) analog, is an orally active EP1- and EP3-receptor agonist. Nocloprost inhibits evoked [ 3H]ACh release. Nocloprost has gastroprotective and ulcer-healing properties. Nocloprost accelerates the healing of chronic gastric ulcerations and enhances mucosal growth in rats .
Misoprostol acid is an active metabolite of Misoprostol. Misoprostol is a synthetic analogue of prostaglandinE1 (PGE1), extensively absorbed, and undergoes rapid de-esterification to Misoprostol acid in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Misoprostol can be used for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced (NSAID) gastric ulcers . Misoprostol is an oral agent used to induce labor .
Saikogenin D is isolated from Bupleurum chinense, has anti-inflammatory effects. Saikogenin D activates epoxygenases that converts arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosanoids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, and the metabolites secondarily inhibit prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) production. Saikogenin D results in an elevation of [Ca 2+]i due to Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores .
Grapiprant (CJ-023423) is a selective EP4 receptor antagonist whose physiological ligand is prostaglandinE2 (PGE2). Grapiprant displaces [ 3H]-PGE2 (1 nM) binding to dog recombinant EP4 receptor with IC50 value of 35 nM and Ki value of 24 nM. Grapiprant has the potential for osteoarthritic pain and inflammation treatment [3] .
5-LO/mPGES1-IN-1 (Compound 16) is a dual inhibitor of microsomal prostaglandinE2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). IC50 values are 0.3 and 0.4 μM, respectively. 5-LO/mPGES1-IN-1 has anti-inflammatory activity .
Byakangelicol, isolated from Angelica dahurica, inhibits interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) -induced prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) release in A549 cells mediated by suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the activity of COX-2 enzyme. Byakangelicol has therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory agent on airway inflammation .
Ethyl trans-caffeate is the trans form of Ethyl Caffeate (HY-N6966). Ethyl Caffeate is a natural phenolic compound isolated from Bidens pilosa. Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF-κB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) in vitro or in mouse skin .
11-Deoxy-16,16-dimethyl-PGE2, a ProstaglandinE2 analog, is a EP2 and EP3 receptors agonist. 11-Deoxy-16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 protects proximal renal tubular epithelial cells from potent nephrotoxicity-induced cell damage by exerting anti-oxidative stress .
KAG-308 is a potent selective and orally active agonist of EP4 receptor (a prostaglandinE2 receptor subtype), suppresses colitis and promotes histological mucosal healing, potently inhibits TNF-α production. KAG-308 shows a Ki and an EC50 of 2.57 nM and 17 nM for human EP4 receptor, respectively, more selective over EP1, EP2, EP3 and IP receptor .
Bromelain is an anti-inflammatory agent derived from pineapple stem that acts through down-regulation of plasma kininogen, inhibition of ProstaglandinE2 expression, degradation of advanced glycation end product receptors and regulation of angiogenic biomarkers as well as antioxidant action upstream in the COX-pathway . Bromelain exhibits various fibrinolytic, antiedematous, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Bromelain also possesses some anticancerous activities and promotes apoptotic cell death .
Misoprostol acid-d5 is deuterium labeled Misoprostol acid. Misoprostol acid is an active metabolite of Misoprostol. Misoprostol is a synthetic analogue of prostaglandinE1 (PGE1), extensively absorbed, and undergoes rapid de-esterification to Misoprostol acid in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Misoprostol can be used for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced (NSAID) gastric ulcers[1]. Misoprostol is an oral agent used to induce labor[2].
YS121 is a dual inhibitor of microsomal prostaglandinE2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1; IC50=3.4 μM) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX; IC50=6.5 μM). YS121 dose- dependently reduces PGE2 production with EC50=12 μM in IL-1β-stimulated A549 cells .
Cyclosporin H is a selective and potent inhibitor of FPR-1 (formyl peptide receptor 1). Cyclosporin H, a viral transduction enhancer, increases lentiviral transduction up to 10-fold in human cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Cyclosporin H displays an additive effect when combined with Rapamycin (HY-10219) or ProstaglandinE2 (HY-101952). Cyclosporin H lacks immunosuppressant activity of Cyclosporin A.
Narchinol B (Compound 4) is a sesquiter penoid
compound. Narchinol B has anti-inflammatory effects. Narchinol B works by
inhibiting proinflammatory mediators, including prostaglandinE2 (PGE2),
inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins,
as well as proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1b, IL-6, and tumor
necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Narchinol B significantly inhibits LPS-induced
overproduction of NO in BV2 cells (IC50=2.43 μM)
.
(R)-Butaprost (free acid). Butaprost is a structural analog of prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) with good selectivity for the EP2 receptor subtype. Butaprost is frequently used pharmacologically to define the expression profile of EP receptors in various human and animal tissues and cells. Gardiner caused serious confusion about the structure of butaprost in 1986 when he reported that the epimer of butaprost showing this selective activity was the C-16 (R)-epimer ( See reference 2 and notes). To increase the binding affinity of (R)-butaprost to prostaglandin receptors, we removed the methyl ester of (R)-butaprost and recreated the native C-1 carboxylic acid. Prostaglandin free acids typically bind their cognate receptors with 10 to 100-fold higher affinity than the corresponding ester derivatives. The pharmacology of (R)-butaprost has not been carefully studied, but it is generally considered to be the less active C-16 epimer. (Note: In the 1986 Gardiner paper in the British Journal of Pharmacology, butaprost appears on page 46 under the designation TR 4979. The structure drawn is incorrect because the authors use and refer to the more active C - The 16 epimer, which is actually 16(S). The structure on page 46 shows the structure as 16(R). It was not until the late 1990s that careful studies in the United States and Japan correctly determined the actual structure of C-16 The type is 16(S) in a compound called butaprost.)
2-Methylthioadenosine diphosphate trisodium is a potent purinergic P2Y receptors agonist, with EC50s of 19, 6.2, and 5 nM for human P2Y13, mouse P2Y13 and human P2Y12, respectively. 2-Methylthioadenosine diphosphate trisodium has pEC50s of 8.29 and 5.75 for human P2Y1 and rat P2Y6, respectively. 2-Methylthioadenosine diphosphate trisodium induces platelet aggregation and shape change, and inhibits cyclic AMP accumulation in platelets exposed to prostaglandinE1 .
ProstaglandinE2 (GMP) is ProstaglandinE2 (HY-101952) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. ProstaglandinE2, an inflammatory mediator, is a endogenous hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions .
ProstaglandinE2 (GMP) is ProstaglandinE2 (HY-101952) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. ProstaglandinE2, an inflammatory mediator, is a endogenous hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions .
(R)-Butaprost (free acid). Butaprost is a structural analog of prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) with good selectivity for the EP2 receptor subtype. Butaprost is frequently used pharmacologically to define the expression profile of EP receptors in various human and animal tissues and cells. Gardiner caused serious confusion about the structure of butaprost in 1986 when he reported that the epimer of butaprost showing this selective activity was the C-16 (R)-epimer ( See reference 2 and notes). To increase the binding affinity of (R)-butaprost to prostaglandin receptors, we removed the methyl ester of (R)-butaprost and recreated the native C-1 carboxylic acid. Prostaglandin free acids typically bind their cognate receptors with 10 to 100-fold higher affinity than the corresponding ester derivatives. The pharmacology of (R)-butaprost has not been carefully studied, but it is generally considered to be the less active C-16 epimer. (Note: In the 1986 Gardiner paper in the British Journal of Pharmacology, butaprost appears on page 46 under the designation TR 4979. The structure drawn is incorrect because the authors use and refer to the more active C - The 16 epimer, which is actually 16(S). The structure on page 46 shows the structure as 16(R). It was not until the late 1990s that careful studies in the United States and Japan correctly determined the actual structure of C-16 The type is 16(S) in a compound called butaprost.)
Cyclosporin H is a selective and potent inhibitor of FPR-1 (formyl peptide receptor 1). Cyclosporin H, a viral transduction enhancer, increases lentiviral transduction up to 10-fold in human cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Cyclosporin H displays an additive effect when combined with Rapamycin (HY-10219) or ProstaglandinE2 (HY-101952). Cyclosporin H lacks immunosuppressant activity of Cyclosporin A.
Abz-AGLA-Nba is a fluorogenic substrate for the determination of protease activity. Abz-AGLA-Nba is hydrolyzed to release aminoacyl benzimide (Abz-AGLA) and 2-naphthylaminoacyl (Nba). The product Abz-AGLA produced by this hydrolysis reaction is fluorescent under ultraviolet light and can emit a fluorescent signal .
ProstaglandinE1 (Alprostadil) is a prostanoid receptor ligand, with Kis of 1.1 nM, 2.1 nM, 10 nM, 33 nM and 36 nM for mouse EP3, EP4, EP2, IP and EP1, respectively. ProstaglandinE1 induces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation. ProstaglandinE1 can be used as a vasodilator for the research of peripheral vascular diseases .
ProstaglandinE2 (PGE2) is a hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation.
15-keto-ProstaglandinE2 is an endogenous metabolite. 15-keto-ProstaglandinE2 inhibits STAT3 activation by binding to its Cys259 residue. 15-keto-ProstaglandinE2 can bind and stabilize EP2 and EP4 receptor. 15-keto-ProstaglandinE2 inhibits breast cancer cell growth and progression. 15-keto-ProstaglandinE2 activates PPAR-γ and promotes fungal growth .
ProstaglandinE1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of ProstaglandinE1. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. ProstaglandinE1 (Alprostadil) is a prostanoid receptor ligand, with Kis of 1.1 nM, 2.1 nM, 10 nM, 33 nM and 36 nM for mouse EP3, EP4, EP2, IP and EP1, respectively. ProstaglandinE1 induces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation. ProstaglandinE1 can be used as a vasodilator for the research of peripheral vascular diseases .
ProstaglandinE2 (Standard) is the analytical standard of ProstaglandinE2. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. ProstaglandinE2 (PGE2) is a hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation.
Shanciol B, isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the air-dried whole plant of Pholidota imbricate Hook, inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity . Shanciol B is a microsomal prostaglandinE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity .
Thielavin B is an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis produced by Thielavia terricola. Thielavin B effectively influences the prostaglandinE2 synthesis from the endoperoxide. Thielavin B is significantly effective on carrageenan-induced oedema of rats when administered intravenously .
p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandinE2 generation, respectively.
(-)-Curine is an orally active bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Chondrodendron platyphyllum. (-)-Curine presents anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects at nontoxic doses, at least in part, resulting from the inhibition of prostaglandinE2 production .
Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid is an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is mainly metabolized to an anti-inflammatory eicosanoid, prostaglandin (PG) E1, via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects .
Linderaspirone A is a natural compound that can be isolated from the roots of Lindera aggregate. Linderaspirone A shows significant inhibitory effects on the production of prostaglandinE2 (PGE2),TNF-α, and IL-6 .
Epibetulinic acid exhibits potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) production in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin with IC50s of 0.7 and 0.6 μM, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity .
PGE-M is a metabolite of prostaglandinE2 (PEG2) as a biomarker of inflammation and cancer including advanced colorectal neoplasia, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and so on. Urinary PGE-M is positively associated with obesity, smoking and lung metastases with breast cancer .
Ethyl Caffeate is a natural phenolic compound isolated from Bidens pilosa. Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF-κB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) in vitro or in mouse skin .
Saikogenin D is isolated from Bupleurum chinense, has anti-inflammatory effects. Saikogenin D activates epoxygenases that converts arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosanoids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, and the metabolites secondarily inhibit prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) production. Saikogenin D results in an elevation of [Ca 2+]i due to Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores .
Byakangelicol, isolated from Angelica dahurica, inhibits interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) -induced prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) release in A549 cells mediated by suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the activity of COX-2 enzyme. Byakangelicol has therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory agent on airway inflammation .
Ethyl trans-caffeate is the trans form of Ethyl Caffeate (HY-N6966). Ethyl Caffeate is a natural phenolic compound isolated from Bidens pilosa. Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF-κB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) in vitro or in mouse skin .
Narchinol B (Compound 4) is a sesquiter penoid
compound. Narchinol B has anti-inflammatory effects. Narchinol B works by
inhibiting proinflammatory mediators, including prostaglandinE2 (PGE2),
inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins,
as well as proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1b, IL-6, and tumor
necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Narchinol B significantly inhibits LPS-induced
overproduction of NO in BV2 cells (IC50=2.43 μM)
.
PTGES proteins act as terminal enzymes in COX-2-mediated PGE2 biosynthesis and regulate inflammation, fever, and pain. In response to inflammatory stimuli, PTGES catalyzes the glutathione-dependent redox of PGH2 to PGE2. PTGES Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His, SUMO) is the recombinant mouse-derived PTGES protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of PTGES Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His, SUMO) is 153 a.a., with molecular weight of 35.8 kDa.
ProstaglandinE2-d4 is the deuterium labeled ProstaglandinE2. ProstaglandinE2 (PGE2) is a hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation[1][2].
ProstaglandinE1-d4 is the deuterium labeled ProstaglandinE1. ProstaglandinE1 (Alprostadil) is a prostanoid receptor ligand, with Kis of 1.1 nM, 2.1 nM, 10 nM, 33 nM and 36 nM for mouse EP3, EP4, EP2, IP and EP1, respectively. ProstaglandinE1 induces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation. ProstaglandinE1 can be used as a vasodilator for the research of peripheral vascular diseases[1][2][3].
ProstaglandinE1-d9 is deuterium labeled ProstaglandinE1.ProstaglandinE1 is a prostanoid receptor ligand, with Kis of 1.1 nM, 2.1 nM, 10 nM, 33 nM and 36 nM for mouse EP3, EP4, EP2, IP and EP1, respectively. ProstaglandinE1 induces vasodilation and inh
ProstaglandinE2-d9 is the deuterium labeled ProstaglandinE2. ProstaglandinE2 (PGE2) is a hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation[1][2].
13,14-Dihydro-15(R,S)-hydroxy-16,16-difluoro ProstaglandinE1-d4 is the deuterium labeled 13,14-Dihydro-15(R,S)-hydroxy-16,16-difluoro ProstaglandinE1[1].
Misoprostol acid-d5 is deuterium labeled Misoprostol acid. Misoprostol acid is an active metabolite of Misoprostol. Misoprostol is a synthetic analogue of prostaglandinE1 (PGE1), extensively absorbed, and undergoes rapid de-esterification to Misoprostol acid in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Misoprostol can be used for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced (NSAID) gastric ulcers[1]. Misoprostol is an oral agent used to induce labor[2].
PTGES2 Antibody is an unconjugated, approximately 43 kDa, rabbit-derived, anti-PTGES2 polyclonal antibody. PTGES2 Antibody can be used for: ELISA, IHC-P, IHC-F, Flow-Cyt, IF expriments in human, mouse, rat, and predicted: chicken, dog, pig, cow background without labeling.